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Outpatient RSV lower respiratory infections among high-risk infants and other pediatric populations

L Clark Paramore1, Parthiv J Mahadevia, Pedro A Piedra

  • 1United BioSource Corporation, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA. clark.paramore@unitedbiosource.com

Pediatric Pulmonology
|May 27, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Approximately 1 in 5 high-risk infants experience respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) during their first season. Outpatient RSV LRI visits are more common in younger and premature infants.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs) in infants and young children.
  • Understanding the frequency of outpatient RSV LRIs is crucial for assessing disease burden and informing prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of outpatient, non-hospitalized visits for RSV LRIs in children and high-risk infants.
  • To quantify RSV LRI rates across different age groups and risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published population-based studies on outpatient RSV illness rates.
  • Retrospective cohort analysis of a national claims database for infants born between April 2004 and April 2006, focusing on their first RSV season.

Main Results:

  • Published studies showed highest outpatient RSV LRI rates in infants (<1 year) and young children (1-4 years).
  • Cohort study revealed high outpatient RSV LRI rates in preterm infants (158.7-272.6 per 1,000), with late preterm infants (183.3-245.7 per 1,000) experiencing higher rates than full-term infants (128.8-171.3 per 1,000).

Conclusions:

  • Nearly 20% of high-risk infants are affected by RSV LRI in their first season, indicating a significant, often unrecognized, disease reservoir.
  • Outpatient RSV LRI visit frequency is inversely related to age and directly related to prematurity.
Abstract

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