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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the surface of...
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate. The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

Interface-confined ferrous centers for catalytic oxidation.

Qiang Fu1, Wei-Xue Li, Yunxi Yao

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Researchers stabilized coordinatively unsaturated ferrous (CUF) sites using interface confinement for heterogeneous catalysis. These sites activate dioxygen and efficiently oxidize carbon monoxide at low temperatures, crucial for fuel cells.

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Area of Science:

  • Heterogeneous catalysis
  • Surface science
  • Materials chemistry

Background:

  • Coordinatively unsaturated ferrous (CUF) sites are vital for catalytic reactions.
  • Creating analogous active sites in supported catalysts is challenging.
  • Interface confinement offers a novel stabilization strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To stabilize coordinatively unsaturated ferrous (CUF) sites in nanosized matrices for heterogeneous catalysis.
  • To investigate the role of interface confinement in stabilizing active sites.
  • To evaluate the catalytic performance of interface-confined CUF sites.

Main Methods:

  • Surface science measurements
  • Density functional calculations
  • Catalytic activity testing for CO oxidation

Main Results:

  • Interface confinement effectively stabilizes CUF sites through strong adhesion between ferrous oxides and metal substrates.
  • The interface-confined CUF sites, with metal supports, activate dioxygen, generating reactive oxygen atoms.
  • The system demonstrated high efficiency in low-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation.

Conclusions:

  • Interface confinement is a viable strategy for creating stable and active CUF sites in heterogeneous catalysts.
  • The developed catalytic system shows promise for applications in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells.
  • This work advances the understanding of active site stabilization in supported catalysts.