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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
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Humoral Immune Responses01:36

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Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
07:22

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Specific immunotherapy using Hymenoptera venom: systematic review.

Alexandra Sayuri Watanabe1, Luiz Augusto Marcondes Fonseca, Clóvis Eduardo Santos Galvão

  • 1Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. ale.watanabe@ig.com.br

Sao Paulo Medical Journal = Revista Paulista De Medicina
|June 1, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Venom immunotherapy effectively reduces severe reactions to Hymenoptera stings in adults and children. However, the benefits may be less significant for mild reactions, necessitating individual risk-benefit assessments.

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Clinical Immunology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Hymenoptera stings can cause severe allergic reactions.
  • Venom immunotherapy is the sole effective treatment for such severe reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature and assess the effects of venom immunotherapy in patients with severe reactions post-Hymenoptera stings.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted.
  • Meta-analysis was performed on homogeneous studies to calculate odds ratios (OR) for systemic reactions.

Main Results:

  • Four studies were included from 2,273 abstracts.
  • Meta-analysis of two studies showed a significant reduction in reactions (OR: 0.29).
  • However, reaction severity post-immunotherapy was often similar to or milder than initial reactions.

Conclusions:

  • Venom immunotherapy is recommended for adults and children with moderate to severe reactions.
  • It is not recommended for children with isolated skin reactions, especially with sporadic exposure.
  • Individual risk-benefit assessment is crucial for all patients.