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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Yellow Fever01:18

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...
Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes01:30

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

Spirochetes, unique bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes, are gram-negative, motile, tightly coiled, slender, and flexible. They inhabit aquatic sediments and animals, with some causing diseases like syphilis. Spirochetes are classified into eight genera based on habitat, pathogenicity, phylogeny, and characteristics.Their distinctive motility arises from endoflagella, located within the cell’s periplasm. These endoflagella anchor at the cell poles and extend along the cell length, encased by a...
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Intracellular Movement of Viruses and Bacteria

Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a virus that...

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Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay
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Published on: June 9, 2011

Tick-borne flaviviruses.

P Rocco Lasala1, Michael Holbrook

  • 1Department of Pathology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506-9203, USA. plasala@hsc.wvu.edu <plasala@hsc.wvu.edu>

Clinics in Laboratory Medicine
|June 2, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tick-borne flaviviral diseases are increasing due to climate change and human activity. This rise impacts public health, necessitating a focus on diseases like tick-borne encephalitis virus and Powassan virus.

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Area of Science:

  • * Epidemiology and Public Health
  • * Infectious Diseases
  • * Arbovirology

Background:

  • * Global incidence of tick-borne flaviviral diseases has significantly increased over the last two decades.
  • * Transmission is influenced by a complex interplay of natural factors (climate, ecology) and anthropogenic factors (human mobility, agriculture).
  • * Environmental changes and human encroachment into endemic areas are expanding tick populations and disease risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review major tick-borne flaviviral diseases and their subtypes.
  • * To highlight the increasing global health threat posed by these pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review and synthesis of existing data on tick-borne flaviviruses.
  • * Analysis of factors influencing disease transmission dynamics.
  • * Focus on specific viruses including tick-borne encephalitis virus, louping ill virus, Powassan virus, Kyasanur Forest disease virus, and Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus.

Main Results:

  • * Documented increase in the incidence of tick-borne flaviviral diseases.
  • * Identification of key ecological and anthropogenic drivers of transmission.
  • * Confirmation of expanding geographic range and population impact of tick vectors.

Conclusions:

  • * Continued increases in tick-borne flaviviral disease rates are expected.
  • * Understanding transmission factors is crucial for public health interventions.
  • * Further research and surveillance are needed to mitigate the growing threat.