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Related Concept Videos

Additional Subnuclear Structures02:10

Additional Subnuclear Structures

The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

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Methods to Classify Cytoplasmic Foci as Mammalian Stress Granules
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Published on: May 12, 2017

Nuclear stress bodies.

Giuseppe Biamonti1, Claire Vourc'h

  • 1Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Abbiategrasso 207, Pavia, Italy. biamonti@igm.cnr.it

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|June 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear stress bodies (nSBs) form during heat shock through heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) binding satellite DNA. These unique sites rapidly reprogram gene expression and nuclear function.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Nuclear stress bodies (nSBs) are distinct subnuclear organelles.
  • They form in response to cellular stress, specifically heat shock.
  • nSBs are associated with active transcription of noncoding satellite III transcripts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation and function of nuclear stress bodies.
  • To understand the role of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) in nSB formation.
  • To explore how nSBs contribute to cellular stress responses and gene expression reprogramming.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of subnuclear organelle formation under heat shock conditions.
  • Investigating the interaction between HSF1 and satellite III DNA sequences.
  • Studying the transcriptional activity and factor-trapping capabilities of nSBs.

Main Results:

  • Nuclear stress bodies (nSBs) are initiated by the interaction of HSF1 with pericentric satellite III repeats.
  • nSBs represent active transcription sites for noncoding satellite III transcripts.
  • These organelles are involved in rapid, global gene expression reprogramming via chromatin remodeling and factor trapping.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear stress bodies are unique transcription sites with unusual features.
  • nSBs play a significant role in cellular adaptation to stress.
  • The study reveals novel insights into the interplay between nuclear organization and function.