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Related Concept Videos

States of Matter and Phase Changes00:59

States of Matter and Phase Changes

The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and pressure, that...
Phase Changes01:19

Phase Changes

Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
A substance melts or freezes at a temperature called its melting point and boils or condenses at its boiling point. These temperatures depend on pressure. High pressure favors the denser form of the substance, so typically, high pressure...
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
07:45

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Published on: February 6, 2014

Phase-change optical data storage in GaSb.

D J Gravesteijn, H M van Tongeren, M Sens

    Applied Optics
    |June 5, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Gallium antimonide (GaSb) films transition from amorphous to crystalline states using laser beams for optical data recording. This fast, controllable process is suitable for archival storage media.

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    Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
    07:45

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    Published on: February 6, 2014

    Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
    10:00

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    06:24

    High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal

    Published on: October 31, 2019

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Semiconductor Physics
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Investigating novel materials for high-density data storage.
    • Exploring phase-change mechanisms for optical recording.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate Gallium Antimonide (GaSb) as a recording medium for write-once optical storage.
    • To characterize the amorphous-to-crystalline transition for data writing.

    Main Methods:

    • Amorphous GaSb films (100 nm thick) were locally transformed to a crystalline state.
    • A focused laser beam was used to induce the phase transition.
    • The recording process speed and mark dimensions were analyzed.

    Main Results:

    • The amorphous-to-crystalline transition in GaSb was achieved within 10 nanoseconds.
    • Accurate control over the dimensions of the crystalline marks was demonstrated.
    • GaSb media showed suitability for archival information storage.

    Conclusions:

    • Gallium Antimonide is a viable material for write-once optical storage applications.
    • The laser-induced phase transition offers a fast and controllable recording mechanism.
    • GaSb-based optical storage media can support archival data formats like the compact disk.