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Norovirus gastroenteritis in young children receiving human rotavirus vaccine

Shang-Qin Zeng1, Anne Halkosalo, Marjo Salminen

  • 1Vaccine Research Centre, University of Tampere Medical School, Tampere, Finland.

Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases
|June 8, 2010
PubMed

Insights

Human rotavirus vaccine did not protect young children against norovirus (NV) gastroenteritis. Studies found NV was the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in this age group, unaffected by the vaccine.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Norovirus (NV) is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in young children.
  • Human rotavirus vaccines are widely used but their impact on other viral gastroenteritis agents is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if a human rotavirus vaccine conferred protection against norovirus-associated gastroenteritis in infants.
  • To assess the prevalence and clinical severity of norovirus gastroenteritis in infants participating in a rotavirus vaccine trial.

Main Methods:

  • An efficacy trial involving 405 infants immunized with human rotavirus vaccine or placebo.
  • Prospective follow-up for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) from 2 months to 2 years of age.
  • Multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Mrt RT-PCR) assays for norovirus detection and quantification in stool specimens.

Main Results:

  • Noroviruses were detected in 32% of AGE episodes, being the sole viral agent in 29% of cases.
  • Genogroup II (GII) noroviruses were predominant (88%), followed by Genogroup I (GI) (12%).
  • Infants in the rotavirus vaccine group showed a slightly higher detection rate of norovirus (36%) compared to the placebo group (27%), with no difference in clinical severity.

Conclusions:

  • Human rotavirus vaccine did not demonstrate efficacy in preventing norovirus gastroenteritis in young children.
  • Noroviruses were identified as the most frequent etiological agents of AGE in children under 2 years of age.
  • Further research is needed to explore strategies for preventing norovirus infections in pediatric populations.

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