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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the gastrointestinal...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification01:16

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A Novel High-Throughput Ex Vivo Ovine Skin Wound Model for Testing Emerging Antibiotics
08:30

A Novel High-Throughput Ex Vivo Ovine Skin Wound Model for Testing Emerging Antibiotics

Published on: September 16, 2022

Novel topical therapeutics.

Benjamin S Bleier1

  • 1Division of Rhinology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Rutledge Avenue, MSC 550, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. bleierb@gmail.com

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|June 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intranasal drug delivery shows promise for treating diseases. Innovations in preclinical screening, surgical techniques, and drug-eluting polymers are improving drug design and delivery, overcoming administration barriers.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A Novel High-Throughput Ex Vivo Ovine Skin Wound Model for Testing Emerging Antibiotics
08:30

A Novel High-Throughput Ex Vivo Ovine Skin Wound Model for Testing Emerging Antibiotics

Published on: September 16, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Drug Delivery
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Intranasal drug delivery is a rapidly advancing field.
  • It offers potential for treating local and systemic diseases.
  • Existing barriers hinder effective nasal drug administration and absorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore novel preclinical screening tools for drug design and delivery.
  • To highlight the importance of surgical marsupialization for topical delivery.
  • To discuss advancements in overcoming intranasal delivery challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing in vitro assays for drug screening.
  • Employing 3-dimensional imaging for enhanced drug delivery analysis.
  • Investigating implantable therapeutics with drug-eluting polymers.

Main Results:

  • Novel preclinical tools improve drug design and delivery.
  • Surgical marsupialization enhances topical drug delivery to sinuses.
  • Drug-eluting polymers enable prolonged, site-specific delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Intranasal drug delivery holds significant therapeutic potential.
  • Advancements in screening, surgery, and materials science are key.
  • Implantable drug-eluting polymers offer a promising solution to delivery obstacles.