Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Focusing of Light in the Eye01:16

Focusing of Light in the Eye

Light rays enter the eye through the cornea, a transparent dome-shaped tissue that is the eye's outermost layer. The cornea bends or refracts, light rays traveling to the pupil. The shape of the cornea determines how much of the light is bent and whether the image will be focused correctly on the retina at the back of the eye. Once the light has passed through both refraction layers, it converges into a single focal point onto a small area. This is where photoreceptors start transforming...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prescribing patterns for paediatric hyperopia among paediatric eye care providers.

Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)·2023
Same author

Diagnosing and managing functional visual complications after brain injury.

Optometry (St. Louis, Mo.)·2008
Same author

An optometric approach to patients with sensory integration dysfunction.

Optometry (St. Louis, Mo.)·2007
Same author

Unusual eye movements in a patient with complex partial seizure disorder.

Optometry (St. Louis, Mo.)·2002

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
05:36

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening

Published on: October 18, 2024

Proportion of refractive errors in a Polish immigrant population in Chicago.

Christine L Allison1

  • 1Illinois College of Optometry, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA. callison@ico.edu

Optometry and Vision Science : Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry
|June 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study found that myopia is more common in young Polish immigrants than in the general US population. High rates of amblyopia were also observed, suggesting a need for increased public awareness and early intervention for refractive errors.

More Related Videos

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
05:14

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter

Published on: September 16, 2025

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients
07:06

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening
05:36

Subjective Refraction Test Using a Smartphone for Vision Screening

Published on: October 18, 2024

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter
05:14

Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter

Published on: September 16, 2025

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients
07:06

Binocular Dynamic Visual Acuity in Eyeglass-Corrected Myopic Patients

Published on: March 29, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Immigrant Health

Background:

  • Refractive errors are a significant global health concern.
  • Polish Americans represent a substantial demographic group in the US, particularly in urban areas like Chicago.
  • Limited data exists on the refractive error prevalence within this specific immigrant population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism) in Polish immigrants residing in an urban setting.
  • To analyze the distribution of refractive errors across different age groups within this population.
  • To identify the presence of amblyopia and strabismus in Polish immigrant patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 675 patient records (271 men, 404 women) from a practice with a high proportion of Polish immigrant patients.
  • Data collected included refractive status (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism), amblyopia, and strabismus.
  • Patients ranged in age from 3 to 94 years.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of myopia was 35.1%, hyperopia was 38.4%, and astigmatism was 15% (>=1.00 D).
  • Amblyopia was present in 9% of patients, and strabismus in 3% (76% esotropia).
  • Myopia was most common in younger age groups (0-18 and 19-45 years), while hyperopia was more prevalent in older adults (>45 years).

Conclusions:

  • This study provides novel refractive error data for the Polish immigrant population in the US.
  • Younger Polish immigrants show a higher prevalence of myopia compared to the general US population.
  • High rates of amblyopia necessitate targeted educational initiatives and prompt treatment strategies.