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Network Covalent Solids

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Scalable Syntheses of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide using Cascade Design Oxidation and Highly Basic Reduction Reactions

Scalable Syntheses of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide using Cascade Design Oxidation and Highly Basic Reduction Reactions

Published on: July 3, 2025

Graphene oxide sheets at interfaces.

Jaemyung Kim¹, Laura J Cote, Franklin Kim

¹Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|June 10, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Graphene oxide (GO) sheets are amphiphiles, acting as surfactants with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. This property, tunable by pH and size, enables applications in stable emulsions and material processing.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Surface Chemistry
Colloid Science

Background:

Graphene oxide (GO), derived from graphite, has been traditionally considered hydrophilic.
Its excellent colloidal stability in water supported this view.
However, a deeper understanding of its interfacial behavior is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the interfacial properties of graphene oxide (GO) sheets.
To determine if GO exhibits amphiphilic characteristics.
To explore the factors influencing GO's amphiphilicity and its potential applications.

Main Methods:

Adsorption studies at interfaces.
Surface and interfacial tension measurements.
pH and size-dependent characterization of GO behavior.
Emulsion stability tests (Pickering emulsions).

Main Results:

Graphene oxide (GO) sheets demonstrate amphiphilic behavior, possessing hydrophilic edges and a hydrophobic basal plane.
GO effectively lowers surface and interfacial tension, functioning as a surfactant.
GO's amphiphilicity is tunable via pH and is dependent on sheet size.
GO forms highly stable Pickering emulsions and acts as a molecular dispersing agent for insoluble materials.

Conclusions:

Graphene oxide (GO) is an amphiphile, challenging previous perceptions of its hydrophilicity.
Its dual molecular-colloidal nature and tunable amphiphilicity offer significant potential for advanced materials processing and formulation.
GO's surfactant properties open new avenues for creating stable emulsions and dispersing challenging materials.