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Related Concept Videos

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Quantitative Approaches for Studying Cellular Structures and Organelle Morphology in Caenorhabditis elegans
08:47

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Published on: July 5, 2019

Nuclear pre-mRNA 3'-end processing regulates synapse and axon development in C. elegans.

Heather Van Epps1, Ya Dai, Yingchuan Qi

  • 1Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|June 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Nuclear pre-mRNA 3'-end processing impacts synapse and axon development. The protein SYDN-1 negatively regulates this process in neurons, revealing a new role for RNA processing in cellular development.

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Isolation and Quantification of Axonal mRNAs Using Porous Membrane Inserts and RTddPCR
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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Quantitative Approaches for Studying Cellular Structures and Organelle Morphology in Caenorhabditis elegans
08:47

Quantitative Approaches for Studying Cellular Structures and Organelle Morphology in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: July 5, 2019

Presynapse Formation Assay Using Presynapse Organizer Beads and &ldquo;Neuron Ball&rdquo; Culture
10:17

Presynapse Formation Assay Using Presynapse Organizer Beads and “Neuron Ball” Culture

Published on: August 2, 2019

Isolation and Quantification of Axonal mRNAs Using Porous Membrane Inserts and RTddPCR
07:06

Isolation and Quantification of Axonal mRNAs Using Porous Membrane Inserts and RTddPCR

Published on: February 6, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Nuclear pre-mRNA 3'-end processing is crucial for mature mRNA production and 3' untranslated region (UTR) generation.
  • The precise roles and regulation of this processing pathway in cellular development are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of nuclear pre-mRNA 3'-end processing in synapse and axon formation.
  • To identify novel genetic factors involved in this process using C. elegans.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic enhancer and suppressor screens in C. elegans.
  • Identification and characterization of the Synaptic defective enhancer-1 (SYDN-1) protein.
  • Analysis of protein localization and interactions within the nucleus, including Polyadenylation factor subunit-2 (PFS-2).

Main Results:

  • Loss of SYDN-1 function leads to abnormal synapse and axon development in C. elegans.
  • SYDN-1 acts in neurons and influences the nuclear abundance of PFS-2, a component of the pre-mRNA 3'-end processing machinery.
  • Inactivation of nuclear 3'-end processing factors suppresses sydn-1 mutant defects, and sydn-1 mutants exhibit increased 3'-end processing activity.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear pre-mRNA 3'-end processing plays a significant role in synapse and axon development.
  • SYDN-1 functions as a negative regulator of this processing pathway in neurons.
  • This study provides in vivo evidence linking RNA processing to neuronal development and identifies a novel regulatory mechanism.