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Related Concept Videos

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway02:33

Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

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The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
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Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Radiosensitivity of Cancer Stem Cells in Lung Cancer Cell Lines
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Targeting Hedgehog--a cancer stem cell pathway.

Akil A Merchant1, William Matsui

  • 1Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
|June 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is a validated anticancer target in human tumors. Further research is needed to clarify Hh signaling in cancer and optimize Hh pathway inhibitors for cancer stem cell therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Signaling Pathways

Background:

  • The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is frequently dysregulated in human cancers.
  • Early clinical trials demonstrate Hh pathway antagonists are effective anticancer agents.
  • Despite progress, fundamental aspects of Hh biology in cancer remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the influence of oncogenic events on Hh signal transduction in human tumors.
  • To determine the predominant mode (autocrine vs. paracrine) of Hh signaling within tumors.
  • To identify optimal strategies for inhibiting aberrant Hh pathway activity in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Hh pathway signaling in human cancers.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for Hh pathway antagonists.
  • Exploration of the role of Hh signaling in cancer stem cell (CSC) biology.

Main Results:

  • Hh pathway antagonists show promise as anticancer therapeutics.
  • Unresolved questions include the impact of specific oncogenic events and signaling modes.
  • Hh pathway inhibitors may provide a means to test the cancer stem cell hypothesis clinically.

Conclusions:

  • The Hh pathway is a validated target for cancer therapy.
  • Further investigation into Hh signaling mechanisms in cancer is crucial.
  • Tailoring Hh pathway inhibitors to specific cancer types and disease contexts is essential for optimal clinical efficacy.