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Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

The Replisome

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...

The Replisome

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

Published on: May 2, 2025

Evolution of DNA replication protein complexes in eukaryotes and Archaea.

Nicholas Chia¹, Isaac Cann, Gary J Olsen

¹Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA. chian@uiuc.edu

|June 10, 2010

Summary

DNA replication proteins in Archaea and eukaryotes show distinct evolutionary paths. Phylogenetic analysis reveals gene duplications and divergences, supporting the unique status of the archaeal phylum Thaumarchaeota.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Evolutionary Biology
Genomics

Background:

DNA replication in Archaea and eukaryotes relies on protein complexes like PCNA, RFC, and MCM.
Bacterial DNA replication uses similar proteins, but they are phylogenetically distant from archaeal and eukaryotic counterparts.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the evolutionary dynamics of DNA replication complexes in Archaea and eukaryotes.
To understand gene duplications and divergences leading to homologous subunits in archaeal replication proteins.

Main Methods:

Detailed phylogenetic analysis of DNA replication protein subunit relationships.
Comparative analysis of subunit composition and sequence identity across taxa.

Main Results:

While complex structures are conserved, evolutionary dynamics differ between Archaea and eukaryotes.
Eukaryotic complexes show no phylogenetic variation, originating from a common ancestor.
Archaeal complexes exhibit taxon-specific variations in subunit relationships due to gene duplications and divergences.

Conclusions:

Different evolutionary forces shaped DNA replication proteins in Archaea and eukaryotes.
Phylogenies support the distinctiveness of the archaeal phylum Thaumarchaeota.