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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without causing...
Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
19:53

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

[Spontaneous subcutaneous facial emphysema].

Jesper Bille1, Andreas Agger, Troels Bundgaard

  • 1Arhus universitetshospital, Arhus Sygehus, Øre-naese-hals-afdeling, Denmark. Doctor.bille@gmail.com

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|June 11, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A previously healthy man experienced spontaneous facial emphysema affecting deep and superficial facial muscles. The cause remained undetermined, but symptoms resolved within four days, leading to full recovery.

Area of Science:

  • Medicine
  • Case Report
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Facial emphysema is a rare condition characterized by the presence of air in the facial tissues.
  • Spontaneous monosymptomatic facial emphysema without a clear cause is exceptionally uncommon.

Observation:

  • A 35-year-old previously healthy male presented with spontaneous monosymptomatic facial emphysema.
  • The emphysema extended through deep and superficial facial muscle compartments, orbital regions, and down to the larynx.
  • No definitive cause was identified.

Findings:

  • The patient's facial emphysema, though extensive, resolved spontaneously over four days.
  • Differential diagnoses considered included allergic reactions, esophageal/laryngeal rupture, infection, facial bone fracture, trauma, or self-inflicted injury.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
19:53

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer

Published on: March 1, 2015

Implications:

  • This case highlights the possibility of spontaneous facial emphysema with a benign, self-limiting course.
  • It underscores the importance of considering a broad differential diagnosis for facial air entrapment.
  • Further research may elucidate the underlying mechanisms of spontaneous facial emphysema.