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High mobility group box-1 recognition: the beginning of a RAGEless era?
Filipe Branco-Madeira1, Bart N Lambrecht
1Department of Respiratory Diseases, Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunity, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent 9000, Belgium. filipe.brancomadeira@ugent.be
Abstract:
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a molecular alarm signal that triggers an immune response when released. It was assumed that the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) would mediate the signal to the immune system. Recently pattern recognition receptors that are triggered by molecules of bacterial origin (the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family) were shown to also respond to HMGB1. Now two papers establish the TLR4-HMGB1 axis as proinflammatory, eventually leading to disparate conditions like seizures or skin cancer. These reports add a new twist to our understanding of the mode of action of the alarm signal HMGB1.
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