[Antibody therapy in cancer]

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Monoclonal antibody (MoAb) therapy has seen substantial progress in cancer treatment over the last decade.
• Six types of MoAbs are currently approved for clinical use in Japan, highlighting regional advancements.
• The review encompasses the development, characterization, and nomenclature of MoAbs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the development and application of monoclonal antibodies in cancer treatment.
• To discuss recent advancements and challenges in MoAb therapy, including resistance mechanisms and individualized treatment strategies.
• To address the global disparity in anti-cancer drug development timelines, known as "drug lag."

Main Methods:

• Literature review of monoclonal antibody development and clinical applications.
• Analysis of specific MoAbs like rituximab, bevacizumab, and cetuximab.
• Discussion of recent research on panitumumab, KRAS mutations, and bevacizumab beyond progression (BBP).

Main Results:

• Several MoAbs are established in cancer treatment, with ongoing research into new agents and resistance mechanisms.
• Panitumumab targeting EGFR is a recent development, with KRAS mutations posing resistance challenges for anti-EGFR MoAbs in colorectal cancer.
• Bevacizumab beyond progression (BBP) and its outcomes in elderly non-small cell lung carcinoma patients suggest the need for individualized therapy.

Conclusions:

• Monoclonal antibody therapy is a rapidly evolving field with significant clinical impact.
• Understanding resistance mechanisms and tailoring treatments based on patient-specific factors (individualized cancer therapy) is crucial for optimizing outcomes.
• Addressing the "drug lag" is essential for equitable global access to novel anti-cancer therapies.