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X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

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Transmission x-ray diffraction grating alignment using a photoelastic modulator.

E H Anderson, A M Levine, M L Schattenburg

|June 12, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel alignment technique uses grating polarization to achieve sub-arcsecond resolution for fine period transmission gratings. This method is crucial for aligning x-ray gratings in spectroscopy and interferometry.

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Nanotechnology
X-ray Science

Background:

High-resolution alignment is critical for advanced optical and x-ray applications.
Traditional alignment methods struggle with gratings exhibiting no visible diffracted orders.
Fine period gratings require precise angular control for optimal performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a high-resolution alignment technique for fine period transmission gratings.
To enable precise alignment of gratings used in x-ray spectroscopy and interferometry.
To overcome limitations of existing alignment methods for sub-wavelength gratings.

Main Methods:

Utilized the partial polarization property of fine period transmission gratings.
Employed a photoelastic modulator (PEM) to generate an intensity signal.
The signal intensity is proportional to the sine of twice the angle between grating lines and PEM crystal axis.

Main Results:

Demonstrated a sub-arcsecond resolution for aligning 200-nm period gold transmission gratings.
The technique is effective even when no visible diffracted orders are present.
Achieved alignment resolution better than 1 second of arc.

Conclusions:

The developed technique offers unprecedented resolution for aligning fine period gratings.
This method significantly advances the capabilities for x-ray spectroscopy and interferometry.
The polarization-based alignment is a robust solution for nanometer-scale gratings.