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IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single stretching vibration...

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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
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Published on: April 26, 2014

Range sensing by shearing interferometry: influence of speckle.

G Häusler, J M Herrmann

    Applied Optics
    |June 12, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    Shearing interferometry measures object distance by analyzing scattered light waves. Partially coherent light achieved a depth resolution 25 times better than the Rayleigh limit, overcoming speckle limitations in optical range sensing.

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Metrology
    • Wave Optics

    Background:

    • Optical range sensing is crucial for various applications.
    • Shearing interferometry offers a method for distance measurement.
    • Speckle noise is a known limitation in coherent optical systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the limits of optical range sensing using shearing interferometry for diffusely reflecting objects.
    • To determine the impact of speckle on depth resolution.
    • To explore the benefits of partially coherent light in this technique.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing shearing interferometry to measure the radius of scattered waves from an object.
    • Analyzing the influence of speckle on depth resolution with coherent and partially coherent light.

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  • Evaluating the achieved depth resolution and working aperture.

    • Main Results:

    • Speckle is the primary factor limiting the depth resolution of shearing interferometry.
    • Partially coherent light enabled a root-mean-square (RMS) depth resolution of 68 micrometers at 380 mm.
    • This resolution is 25 times superior to the Rayleigh depth of focus limit.
    • A small working aperture (0.013) minimized shading issues.

    Conclusions:

    • Shearing interferometry with partially coherent light significantly overcomes speckle limitations.
    • Achieved depth resolution surpasses conventional limits, offering enhanced precision in optical range sensing.
    • The method is practical due to minimized shading problems and improved resolution.