Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Automated, Long-term Behavioral Assay for Cognitive Functions in Multiple Genetic Models of Alzheimer's Disease, Using IntelliCage

Automated, Long-term Behavioral Assay for Cognitive Functions in Multiple Genetic Models of Alzheimer's Disease, Using IntelliCage

Published on: August 4, 2018

The canine cognitive dysfunction rating scale (CCDR): a data-driven and ecologically relevant assessment tool.

Hannah E Salvin¹, Paul D McGreevy, Perminder S Sachdev

¹Faculty of Veterinary Science (B19), University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia. hsal8835@uni.sydney.edu.au

Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997)

|June 15, 2010

Summary

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

COMPASS Guidelines for Conducting Welfare-Focused Research into Behaviour Modification of Animals.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2026

Same author

Introducing the Mellorater-The Five Domains Model in a Welfare Monitoring App for Animal Guardians.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2024

Same author

Are Brachycephalic Dogs Really Cute? Evidence from Online Descriptions.

Anthrozoos·2024

Same author

That brachycephalic look: Infant-like facial appearance in short-muzzled dog breeds.

Animal welfare (South Mimms, England)·2024

Same author

Exergame and cognitive training for preventing falls in community-dwelling older people: a randomized controlled trial.

Nature medicine·2024

Same author

In Situ Provisioning Wildlife with Food, Water, or Shelter after Bushfires: Using a One Welfare Framework to Guide Responses.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2023

A new Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating Scale (CCDR) aids in diagnosing this common, under-diagnosed condition in older dogs. This validated tool helps track cognitive changes in veterinary and research settings.

Area of Science:

Veterinary Neurology
Animal Behavior

Background:

Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD) is a prevalent, age-related neurobehavioral syndrome in dogs.
CCD is significantly under-diagnosed in community-dwelling canine populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a clinical rating scale for assessing Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD).
To create a tool that is clinically useful and captures the breadth of cognitive-behavioral changes.

Main Methods:

Utilized data from a cross-sectional survey of 957 older dogs.
Employed data-driven analytical techniques to refine 27 behavioral items into a 13-item scale (CCDR).
Validated the CCDR on an independent sample, assessing diagnostic accuracy and reliability.

Main Results:

More Related Videos

The Immersive Cleveland Clinic Virtual Reality Shopping Platform for the Assessment of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living

The Immersive Cleveland Clinic Virtual Reality Shopping Platform for the Assessment of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living

Published on: July 28, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Automated, Long-term Behavioral Assay for Cognitive Functions in Multiple Genetic Models of Alzheimer's Disease, Using IntelliCage

Automated, Long-term Behavioral Assay for Cognitive Functions in Multiple Genetic Models of Alzheimer's Disease, Using IntelliCage

Published on: August 4, 2018

The Immersive Cleveland Clinic Virtual Reality Shopping Platform for the Assessment of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living

The Immersive Cleveland Clinic Virtual Reality Shopping Platform for the Assessment of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living

Published on: July 28, 2022

The CCDR scale consists of 13 behavioral items, with three indicating disease severity.
Achieved high diagnostic accuracy (98.9%), positive predictive value (77.8%), and negative predictive value (99.3%) in an independent sample.
Demonstrated high test-retest reliability over two months (r=0.73, P<0.0001).

Conclusions:

The Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating Scale (CCDR) is a reliable and accurate tool for assessing CCD.
The CCDR can aid veterinarians in diagnosing and monitoring cognitive decline in dogs.
This scale is valuable for both clinical practice and research in canine cognitive aging.