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01:14Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
01:14Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
01:27Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay
The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological states or needs.
01:15Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System
The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
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Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 12, 2026
09:12
Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats
Published on: March 17, 2019
Motor impulsivity and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.
Roberto Goya-Maldonado1, Stephan Walther, Joe Simon
1Section of Experimental Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
Psychiatry Research
|June 15, 2010
Summary
Trait impulsivity correlates with brain activity during response inhibition. Higher motor impulsivity is linked to greater activation in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during successful inhibitions, indicating enhanced neural recruitment for task control.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Cognitive Psychology
- Neuroimaging
Background:
- Impulsivity is a key factor in behavioral control.
- Understanding the neural mechanisms of response inhibition is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between trait impulsivity and brain activation during motor response inhibition.
- To explore how impulsivity affects neural recruitment for successful task performance.
Main Methods:
- Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used.
- Participants completed a Go/Nogo task.
- Brain activation patterns were analyzed in relation to impulsivity traits.
Main Results:
- A positive correlation was observed between motor impulsivity and activation in the bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.
- This activation occurred during successful response inhibitions.
- Suggests increased neural resource allocation in individuals with higher motor impulsivity.
Conclusions:
- Trait impulsivity influences the neural processes underlying motor response inhibition.
- The ventrolateral prefrontal cortex plays a significant role in maintaining inhibitory control, particularly in more impulsive individuals.
- Findings highlight the neural basis of self-control and impulsivity.