Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Steps in Outbreak Investigation01:18

Steps in Outbreak Investigation

In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks01:23

Investigation of Disease Outbreaks

Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...
Infection01:20

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Placing sensors in sewer networks: A system to pinpoint new cases of coronavirus.

PloS one·2021
Same author

Social network theory-an underutilized opportunity to align innovative methods with the demands of the opioid epidemic.

The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse·2020
Same author

Sampling manholes to home in on SARS-CoV-2 infections.

PloS one·2020
Same author

SD Meets OR: A New Synergy to Address Policy Problems.

System dynamics review·2020
Same author

What are you waiting for?

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2018
Same author

STEM crisis or STEM surplus? Yes and yes.

Monthly labor review·2018
Same journal

The Essential Components and Critical Conditions for Success in a Learning Health System in Oncology.

Studies in health technology and informatics·2026
Same journal

Use of Artificial Intelligence in Screening for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Scoping Review.

Studies in health technology and informatics·2026
Same journal

Movement Related Biomechanics in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Review of Reviews.

Studies in health technology and informatics·2026
Same journal

The Impact of Surgical Correction of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Using Posterior Spinal Fusion on Selected Radiological Parameters and Respiratory Function.

Studies in health technology and informatics·2026
Same journal

Acute Effect of Physio-logic® Exercises on Muscle Tone and Stiffness in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients: A Preliminary Study.

Studies in health technology and informatics·2026
Same journal

Effects of Integrated Music and Occupational Therapy on Motor and Autonomic Function in Children with Neurogenic Scoliosis.

Studies in health technology and informatics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics
14:56

Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics

Published on: April 6, 2019

Engineering responses to pandemics.

Richard C Larson1, Karima R Nigmatulina

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, MIT, USA. rclarson@mit.edu

Studies in Health Technology and Informatics
|June 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pandemic planning requires an engineering systems approach, integrating human behavior and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Mathematical models show that social distancing and hygiene practices can significantly reduce infection spread and overall pandemic impact.

More Related Videos

Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs
07:13

Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs

Published on: April 9, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics
14:56

Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics

Published on: April 6, 2019

Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs
07:13

Swabbing the Urban Environment - A Pipeline for Sampling and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Environmental Reservoirs

Published on: April 9, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Systems Engineering
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Pandemic influenza planning often overlooks the critical role of human behavior.
  • Traditional responses focus narrowly on medical interventions like vaccines and antivirals.
  • Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as hygiene and social distancing, are crucial but underemphasized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To frame pandemic response as a complex engineering systems problem.
  • To analyze the impact of human behavior and NPIs on infection dynamics.
  • To explore mathematical models for evaluating control strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized simple mathematical and difference equation models to simulate infection spread.
  • Analyzed the epidemiological parameter R0 (reproductive number) and its components.
  • Incorporated population heterogeneity in social contact rates and behavioral changes (hygiene, social distancing).

Main Results:

  • R0 is context-dependent, influenced by the frequency and intensity of human contacts.
  • Disease spread is disproportionately driven by individuals with high social contact rates.
  • Geographic isolation is largely ineffective in controlling pandemics.
  • Simulations indicate that social distancing and improved hygiene can substantially mitigate pandemic impact.

Conclusions:

  • A multidisciplinary, systems engineering approach is essential for effective pandemic planning and response.
  • Non-pharmaceutical interventions are powerful tools for controlling infectious disease transmission.
  • Mathematical modeling provides valuable insights into optimizing public health strategies for pandemics.