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Related Concept Videos

Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
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Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells
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STEM crisis or STEM surplus? Yes and yes.

Yi Xue1, Richard C Larson2

  • 1Yi Xue is a former graduate student in the Technology and Policy Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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|February 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) job market is complex, with an oversupply of workers in academia but shortages in government and industry. This highlights specific STEM labor market needs.

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Area of Science:

  • Labor Economics
  • STEM Workforce Studies

Background:

  • Concerns exist about a shortage of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workers.
  • Contradictory evidence suggests a potential STEM worker surplus.
  • The STEM labor market faces scrutiny regarding workforce supply and demand.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the heterogeneity within the STEM labor market.
  • To reconcile conflicting reports on STEM workforce supply and demand.
  • To identify specific areas of STEM worker surplus and shortage.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review.
  • Analysis of employment statistics.
  • Review of newspaper articles.
  • Interviews with company recruiters.

Main Results:

  • The STEM labor market exhibits significant heterogeneity.
  • The academic sector generally has an oversupply of workers.
  • Government and private industry sectors face shortages in specific STEM fields.

Conclusions:

  • The STEM labor market is not monolithic; supply and demand vary by sector.
  • Academic oversupply contrasts with industry and government needs for specific STEM skills.
  • Targeted strategies are needed to address sector-specific STEM workforce imbalances.