Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel Disease...
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy the...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: screening, diagnosis, and treatment-an expert group consensus statement.

The Lancet. Respiratory medicine·2026
Same author

A case for qualitatively driven mixed methods in nursing research: a methodological discussion.

Journal of research in nursing : JRN·2026
Same author

A Holistic, Data-Driven Approach to Diversifying Alpha Omega Alpha (AΩA) Honor Society Electees.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Virus-like particles enable targeted gene engineering and pooled CRISPR screening in primary human myeloid cells.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Application of generative artificial intelligence by nurse academics in higher education: A scoping review.

Nurse education in practice·2025
Same author

How do musculoskeletal disorders impact on quality of life in Tanzania? Results from a community-based survey.

BMJ open·2025
Same journal

Elevated serum IgG1, complement activation, and clinical severity in IgG4-related disease: a comprehensive subgroup analysis.

Clinical rheumatology·2026
Same journal

AI-based CT quantification reveals small airway loss and vascular simplification in rheumatoid arthritis-associated lung disease.

Clinical rheumatology·2026
Same journal

Association between Modified Cardiometabolic Index and rheumatoid arthritis: the mediating role of phenotypic age acceleration.

Clinical rheumatology·2026
Same journal

Human epididymis protein 4: a potential prognostic biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease.

Clinical rheumatology·2026
Same journal

Cutaneous lesions with Cryptococcus-like changes in the context of ANCA vasculitis: case reports and literature review.

Clinical rheumatology·2026
Same journal

A pilot educational intervention to improve knowledge and readiness for self-management among patients with rheumatic diseases in Uganda.

Clinical rheumatology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Placenta-Targeted Drug Delivery Using Three Complementary Methods
09:04

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Placenta-Targeted Drug Delivery Using Three Complementary Methods

Published on: September 10, 2018

When should we use parenteral methotrexate?

Hayley Mainman1, Emma McClaren, Carol Heycock

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sheriff Hill, Gateshead, Tyne and Wear NE9 6SX, UK.

Clinical Rheumatology
|June 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parenteral methotrexate (MTX) is effective for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who don't respond to oral therapy. This injectable form offers equivalent response rates and is cost-effective, with predictors of success including low or high body mass index (BMI).

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Placenta-Targeted Drug Delivery Using Three Complementary Methods
09:04

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Placenta-Targeted Drug Delivery Using Three Complementary Methods

Published on: September 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Oral methotrexate (MTX) is a standard treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  • Parenteral MTX is used for patients unresponsive or intolerant to oral therapy, but its indications and therapeutic positioning are not fully established.
  • Many RA patients on oral MTX may not achieve adequate disease control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the utilization of parenteral methotrexate (MTX) in a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cohort.
  • To compare patient characteristics and treatment response between oral and parenteral MTX groups.
  • To evaluate the cost-effectiveness and identify predictors of response for parenteral MTX.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of RA patients on oral and parenteral methotrexate.
  • Comparison of patient demographics, disease activity scores (DAS 28), ESR, and visual analogue scales.
  • Economic inference and identification of predictors for parenteral MTX response.

Main Results:

  • 10% of the RA population used parenteral MTX after failing oral therapy; 75% met criteria for anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents.
  • Parenteral MTX yielded equivalent response rates to oral MTX.
  • Patients on parenteral MTX were younger and had more extreme BMI values; low ( < 22 kg/m²) or high ( > 30 kg/m²) BMI predicted response.

Conclusions:

  • Parenteral MTX is a viable and cost-effective alternative for RA patients unresponsive to oral therapy, potentially delaying the need for anti-TNF agents.
  • Predictors of response to parenteral MTX include low BMI (malabsorption) and high BMI (gastrointestinal intolerance).
  • Self-administration of parenteral MTX in the community should be explored to improve patient convenience and potentially reduce healthcare costs.