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Related Concept Videos

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

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Chromosomal Spread Preparation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Karyotyping
10:42

Chromosomal Spread Preparation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Karyotyping

Published on: September 4, 2009

Differences between karyotypically normal and abnormal human embryonic stem cells.

S Yang1, G Lin, Y-Q Tan

  • 1Institute of Reproductive and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, National Engineering Research Center of Human Stem Cells, Changsha, P. R. China.

Cell Proliferation
|June 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Karyotypically abnormal human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) show enhanced proliferation and apoptosis resistance. These abnormal HESCs may serve as a model for studying early cancer stem cell development.

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Culture and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Chromosomal Spread Preparation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Karyotyping
10:42

Chromosomal Spread Preparation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Karyotyping

Published on: September 4, 2009

Culture and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells
09:36

Culture and Maintenance of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: December 22, 2009

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR
09:03

Profiling Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR

Published on: May 29, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Cancer research

Background:

  • Human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) are crucial for regenerative medicine.
  • Maintaining genomic stability in HESCs is essential for safe applications.
  • Karyotypic abnormalities can arise during HESC culture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare biological characteristics of HESCs with normal versus abnormal karyotypes.
  • To investigate pluripotency, differentiation, and growth properties.
  • To analyze gene expression and signaling pathways in abnormal HESCs.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of culture-adapted HESCs (chHES-3) with normal and abnormal karyotypes.
  • Assessment of pluripotency markers, differentiation capacity, and ultrastructure.
  • Analysis of gene expression profiles and signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Abnormal HESCs exhibited similar pluripotency markers but a tendency for ectodermal differentiation.
  • Abnormal HESCs showed enhanced survival, population growth, and easier maintenance in suboptimal conditions.
  • Genes related to proliferation were upregulated, while those linked to genetic instability were downregulated in abnormal HESCs.

Conclusions:

  • Karyotypically abnormal HESCs possess increased proliferation capacity and apoptosis resistance.
  • Abnormal HESCs demonstrate reduced genetic stability compared to normal counterparts.
  • Abnormal HESCs offer a valuable model for studying the transition to cancer stem cells.