Recent therapeutic approaches to platelet activation in coronary artery disease

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Hematology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Platelets play a critical role in atherothrombosis and acute coronary syndromes (ACS).
• Platelet activation is a key event in the manifestation of ACS.
• Understanding platelet function is vital for developing effective ACS treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the role of platelets and platelet activation in ACS.
• To review emerging therapeutic approaches targeting platelet activation in ACS.
• To highlight the importance of antiplatelet therapy in ACS management.

Main Methods:

• Review of scientific literature on platelet function and ACS.
• Analysis of mechanisms of platelet adhesion and aggregation.
• Evaluation of current and novel antiplatelet agents.

Main Results:

• Platelet adhesion to collagen and von Willebrand Factor (vWF) via specific glycoprotein (GP) receptors initiates activation.
• Activated platelets exhibit pseudopodia, enhance sub-endothelial matrix adhesion, and facilitate aggregation through GPIIbIIIa receptors.
• Established antiplatelet agents (aspirin, clopidogrel, GPIIbIIIa inhibitors) are essential, despite limitations; novel therapies (prasugrel, ticagrelor) are under investigation.

Conclusions:

• Platelet activation is central to ACS pathogenesis.
• Antiplatelet therapy remains a cornerstone in ACS prevention and treatment.
• Genetic factors can influence patient response to antiplatelet agents, necessitating personalized approaches.