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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Clinical Efficacy of Small Needle Knife Therapy on Stage I-II Frozen Shoulder

Clinical Efficacy of Small Needle Knife Therapy on Stage I-II Frozen Shoulder

Published on: November 17, 2023

Classifying post-stroke shoulder pain: can the DN4 be helpful?

Meyke Roosink¹, Robert T M van Dongen, Gerbert J Renzenbrink

¹Biomedical Signals & Systems, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, The Netherlands. meyke.roosink@gmail.com

European Journal of Pain (London, England)

|June 16, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The neuropathic pain diagnostic questionnaire (DN4) helps categorize post-stroke shoulder pain (PSSP) patients. While DN4 scores correlate with pain characteristics, PSSP diagnosis requires a comprehensive assessment beyond just the DN4.

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Determining the Functional Status of the Corticospinal Tract Within One Week of Stroke

Determining the Functional Status of the Corticospinal Tract Within One Week of Stroke

Published on: February 22, 2020

Area of Science:

Neurology
Pain Medicine
Rehabilitation

Background:

Post-stroke shoulder pain (PSSP) etiology is unclear, potentially involving nociceptive and neuropathic pain mechanisms.
Current diagnostic standards for PSSP are lacking.
The neuropathic pain diagnostic questionnaire (DN4) is used to identify neuropathic pain.

Purpose of the Study:

To utilize the DN4 to categorize PSSP patients.
To compare symptoms and signs indicative of nociceptive versus neuropathic pain in PSSP.
To evaluate the utility of the DN4 in assessing PSSP characteristics.

Main Methods:

Categorized chronic PSSP patients into DN4+ (score ≥4) and DN4- (score <4) groups.
Assessed pain using numeric rating and McGill pain questionnaires.
Evaluated sensory functions via clinical examination, quantitative sensory testing (QST), and cold pressor test.

Main Results:

DN4+ patients reported constant pain, higher intensity, greater impact on daily living, and more frequent loss of cold sensation.
Reduced QST thresholds were observed on the unaffected side, and increased thresholds on the affected side in DN4+ patients.
Symptoms and signs aligned with neuropathic or nociceptive pain subgroups, but no signs were exclusively related to either DN4 group.

Conclusions:

The DN4 can categorize PSSP patients and correlate with specific pain profiles.
Pathophysiological mechanisms of PSSP remain unclear, and sensory signs are not exclusively linked to DN4 subgroups.
PSSP prognosis and treatment should not rely solely on the DN4; a comprehensive assessment including neuropathic/nociceptive pain and somatosensory function is crucial.