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Related Concept Videos

Transmission Electron Microscopy01:15

Transmission Electron Microscopy

In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400 keV in...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
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Revealing Dynamic Processes of Materials in Liquids Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Quantifying transient states in materials with the dynamic transmission electron microscope.

Geoffrey H Campbell1, Thomas LaGrange, Judy S Kim

  • 1Condensed Matter and Materials Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA. ghcampbell@llnl.gov

Journal of Electron Microscopy
|June 16, 2010
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Summary

Dynamic transmission electron microscopy (DTEM) captures rapid specimen changes with 15-ns exposures. This advanced technique enables new insights into fast transformations and reactions previously unobservable.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physics
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is limited in capturing rapid dynamic processes.
  • There is a need for high-resolution, time-resolved microscopy techniques to study fast evolving phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate the dynamic transmission electron microscope (DTEM) for high-speed in situ microscopy.
  • To demonstrate the capability of DTEM for studying ultrafast transformations and reactions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a dynamic transmission electron microscope (DTEM) with 15-ns electron micrograph exposure times.
  • Employing synchronized ultraviolet pulsed lasers and high-speed pulse generators to initiate and capture specimen events.
  • Performing both imaging and diffraction experiments with controlled emitter brightness and current for resolution.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 7-nm spatial resolution in single 15-ns pulsed images.
  • Successfully studied martensitic transformations, nucleation and crystallization of amorphous metals, and rapid chemical reactions.
  • Demonstrated the ability to perform measurements not possible with other current experimental techniques.

Conclusions:

  • DTEM provides an unprecedented capability for observing dynamic processes at the nanoscale.
  • The technique opens new avenues for investigating ultrafast material transformations and chemical reactions.
  • DTEM enables novel experimental measurements for systems evolving on nanosecond timescales.