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Related Concept Videos

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55 °C.
Thermal Strain01:19

Thermal Strain

Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
Multimachine Stability01:25

Multimachine Stability

Multimachine stability analysis is crucial for understanding the dynamics and stability of power systems with multiple synchronous machines. The objective is to solve the swing equations for a network of M machines connected to an N-bus power system.
In analyzing the system, the nodal equations represent the relationship between bus voltages, machine voltages, and machine currents. The nodal equation is given by:
Stability01:28

Stability

The time response of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system can be divided into transient and steady-state responses. The transient response represents the system's initial reaction to a change in input and diminishes to zero over time. In contrast, the steady-state response is the behavior that persists after the transient effects have faded.
The stability of an LTI system is determined by the roots of its characteristic equation, known as poles. A system is stable if it produces a bounded...
Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium01:11

Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium

Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
The concept of temperature has evolved from the common concepts of hot and cold. The scientific definition of temperature explains more than just our sense of hot and cold. Temperature is operationally defined as the quantity measured with a thermometer. Furthermore, temperature is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
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Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

Published on: June 1, 2016

Fine scale thermal blooming instability: a linear stability analysis.

J J Barnard

    Applied Optics
    |June 16, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Laser pulse length significantly impacts thermal blooming instability. Shorter pulses suppress small perturbations via acoustics, while longer pulses are limited by wind shear and turbulence, affecting high-power laser beam propagation.

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    Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
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    Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

    Published on: March 3, 2017

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    Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

    Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames
    10:29

    Experimental Methodology for Estimation of Local Heat Fluxes and Burning Rates in Steady Laminar Boundary Layer Diffusion Flames

    Published on: June 1, 2016

    Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
    06:42

    Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

    Published on: March 3, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Optics
    • Fluid Dynamics

    Background:

    • High-power laser beams can experience thermal blooming instability.
    • Understanding this instability is crucial for trans-atmospheric laser applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effect of laser pulse length on thermal blooming instability.
    • To analyze how factors like viscosity, diffusion, wind shear, and turbulence influence instability growth.

    Main Methods:

    • Calculation of asymptotic gain for sinusoidal perturbations.
    • Analysis as a function of pulse length and perturbation wavenumber.
    • Inclusion of fluid dynamic effects and heuristic turbulence estimation.

    Main Results:

    • Short laser pulses reduce small wavenumber perturbations through acoustic effects.
    • Long laser pulses exhibit limited perturbation growth due to wind shear and turbulence.
    • A higher wavenumber cutoff for perturbations is observed with shorter pulses, beyond which thermal diffusion dominates.

    Conclusions:

    • Laser pulse length is a critical parameter in mitigating thermal blooming instability.
    • Acoustic effects, diffusion, viscosity, wind shear, and turbulence collectively shape instability dynamics.
    • Tailoring pulse length can control perturbation growth and enhance laser beam stability.