PPAR modulation of kinase-linked receptor signaling in physiology and disease

Nicolas Rotman1, Walter Wahli

  • 1Center for Integrative Genomics, National Research Center Frontiers in Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Insights

This review explores peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and their links to kinase signaling pathways. Understanding these connections is key for insights into human diseases and developing new therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Cellular signaling
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Kinase-linked receptors and nuclear receptors regulate gene transcription in response to external stimuli.
  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors implicated in numerous human diseases.
  • The interplay between PPARs and kinase-linked receptor signaling is not fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map the connections between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and kinase-linked receptor signaling pathways.
  • To enhance understanding of physiological and pathophysiological processes involving these signaling networks.
  • To identify potential therapeutic strategies based on the cross-talk between PPARs and kinase signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on PPARs and kinase-linked receptors.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways and molecular interactions.
  • Synthesis of information on physiological and disease-related functions.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of known interactions between PPARs and various kinase signaling pathways.
  • Identification of key molecular players and mechanisms mediating cross-talk.
  • Discussion of the role of these interactions in metabolic disorders, inflammation, and cancer.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of PPARs and kinase-linked receptor signaling is crucial for cellular homeostasis.
  • Dysregulation of this cross-talk contributes to the pathogenesis of various human diseases.
  • Targeting the interface between PPARs and kinase signaling offers promising therapeutic avenues.

Related Concept Videos

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways01:25

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...
Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...