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While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
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Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
09:13

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Published on: April 22, 2015

Correlation versus causation in multisensory perception.

Holger Mitterer1, Alexandra Jesse

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. holger.mitterer@mpi.nl

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|June 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Learned correlations, not just perceived causation, shape audiovisual perception. Seeing the piano keystroke, compared to the hammer, more strongly influenced temporal order judgments, supporting a learning-based account.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Multisensory Perception

Background:

  • Multisensory events are often perceived as unified.
  • Distinguishing between learned correlations and perceived causation in multisensory binding is challenging.
  • Piano tones offer a unique case where the visible action (keystroke) differs from the sound-producing mechanism (hammer).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether visual information about the cause of a sound influences auditory temporal order judgments.
  • To compare the effect of seeing the keystroke versus the hammer on audiovisual perception.
  • To provide evidence for a learning account in multisensory perception.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed auditory temporal order judgments (TOJs) of a dog bark and a piano tone.
  • Visual stimuli of a piano stroke were presented, temporally shifted relative to the auditory piano tone.
  • The visibility of either the keystroke or the hammer was manipulated, while visual salience remained constant.

Main Results:

  • Visual lead of the piano sound increased "piano-first" responses in auditory TOJs.
  • This effect was significantly stronger when the keystroke was visible compared to when the hammer was visible.
  • Both visual stimuli (keystroke and hammer) were equally visually salient.

Conclusions:

  • The results support a learning account of audiovisual perception, where learned associations play a crucial role.
  • The specific visible action linked to the sound (keystroke) has a greater impact than the underlying sound-producing mechanism (hammer).
  • This highlights the importance of learned correlations in shaping how we bind sensory information.