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Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory01:23

Role of Neurotransmitters in Memory

Neurotransmitters are integral to the brain's communication system, enabling neurons to transmit signals across synapses. This chemical exchange underpins various cognitive functions, including memory processes. The role of neurotransmitters in memory is multifaceted, influencing the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories through their action on different neural circuits.
 Glutamate and Synaptic Plasticity
Glutamate, the brain's main excitatory neurotransmitter, is critical for...
Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
Understanding Memory01:19

Understanding Memory

Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
System of Memory01:23

System of Memory

Memory is categorized into three major systems: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). These systems differ in their capacity and the duration for which they can hold information. Sensory memory captures raw sensory input from the environment, holding it for just a few seconds or less. For example, on hearing a brief, loud sound, like a car horn honking, the sound seems to linger in the mind for a moment even after it stops. This is an instance of sensory memory...
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Shuttle Box Assay as an Associative Learning Tool for Cognitive Assessment in Learning and Memory Studies using Adult Zebrafish
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Shuttle Box Assay as an Associative Learning Tool for Cognitive Assessment in Learning and Memory Studies using Adult Zebrafish

Published on: July 12, 2021

KIBRA: A New Gateway to Learning and Memory?

Armin Schneider1, Matthew J Huentelman, Joachim Kremerskothen

  • 1SYGNIS Bioscience Heidelberg, Germany.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|June 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary

KIBRA protein, linked to human memory, is explored in this review. We examine genetic and functional evidence to model KIBRA's brain functions for future memory research.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseasePKCζcognitioncognitive impairmentgenome-wide association study (GWAS)hippocampusmemory

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Memory Enhancement
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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Shuttle Box Assay as an Associative Learning Tool for Cognitive Assessment in Learning and Memory Studies using Adult Zebrafish
08:35

Shuttle Box Assay as an Associative Learning Tool for Cognitive Assessment in Learning and Memory Studies using Adult Zebrafish

Published on: July 12, 2021

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Memory Enhancement
10:37

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Memory Enhancement

Published on: September 18, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • KIBRA (WWC family protein) genetic locus is associated with human memory performance.
  • Genome-wide screening identified the KIBRA gene's link to memory.
  • Functional studies suggest a biologically plausible role for KIBRA in memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on KIBRA and memory.
  • To connect genetic and functional evidence for KIBRA's role.
  • To propose testable models of KIBRA's brain functions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of genetic association studies.
  • Analysis of gene expression data.
  • Synthesis of functional study findings.

Main Results:

  • Consolidated evidence linking KIBRA to human memory.
  • Established biological plausibility of KIBRA's memory function.
  • Developed theoretical models for KIBRA's neural mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • KIBRA is a key genetic factor influencing human memory.
  • Further experimental research is needed to validate KIBRA's brain functions.
  • This review provides a framework for future KIBRA-focused memory research.