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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis

Published on: April 1, 2022

Sulfotransferase Ndst1 is needed for mandibular and TMJ development.

T Yasuda¹, C Mundy, T Kinumatsu

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University College of Medicine, 1015 Walnut Street, Curtis Building Room 501, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.

Journal of Dental Research

|June 18, 2010

Summary

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HS-PGs) are crucial for jaw and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) development. Disrupting their sulfation via Ndst1 deficiency leads to severe defects, including TMJ absence and facial asymmetry.

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A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle

A Morphometric and Cellular Analysis Method for the Murine Mandibular Condyle

Published on: January 11, 2018

Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Molecular Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HS-PGs) are key regulators of cellular processes.
Their specific roles in mandibular and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) development remain largely unknown.
Ndst1 catalyzes the critical sulfation of HS-PG glycosaminoglycan chains.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the function of Ndst1-dependent HS sulfation in mandibular and TMJ development.
To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying HS-PG involvement in craniofacial morphogenesis.

Main Methods:

Generation and analysis of mice lacking Golgi-associated N-sulfotransferase 1 (Ndst1).
Phenotypic assessment of Ndst1-null embryos, including morphological, histological, and molecular analyses.
Evaluation of tooth germ development, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and Indian hedgehog (Ihh) signaling.

Main Results:

Ndst1-null embryos displayed variable phenotypic severity, with some lacking TMJ and condyle.
Severely affected mutants showed abnormal tooth germs, poor angiogenesis, and increased apoptosis.
Mildly affected mutants exhibited condylar growth plate dysfunction, altered Ihh signaling, ectopic ossification, and facial asymmetry.

Conclusions:

Ndst1-dependent HS sulfation is essential for proper mandibular and TMJ formation.
HS-PGs regulate craniofacial development by modulating Ihh signaling topography and activity.
Defects in HS sulfation may contribute to conditions like hemifacial microsomia.