Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Photoelectric Effect02:26

Photoelectric Effect

When light of a particular wavelength strikes a metal surface, electrons are emitted. This is called the photoelectric effect. The minimum frequency of light that can cause such emission of electrons is called the threshold frequency, which is specific to the metal. Light with a frequency lower than the threshold frequency, even if it is of high intensity, cannot initiate the emission of electrons. However, when the frequency is higher than the threshold value, the number of electrons ejected...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Enterococcus faecium SF68 as a model for efficacy and safety evaluation of pharmaceutical probiotics.

Beneficial microbes·2018
Same author

HPLC based method for the measurement of the reduction of aflatoxin B1 by bacterial cultures isolated from different African foods.

Mycotoxin research·2013
Same author

Intracavity transmission ellipsometry for optically anisotropic components.

Applied optics·2010
Same author

Stabilization of single frequency internal mirror He-Ne lasers: comment.

Applied optics·2010
Same author

Computer-based high resolution transmission ellipsometry.

Applied optics·2010
Same author

High-resolution force sensing by a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser.

Optics letters·2009
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator
07:42

Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator

Published on: December 15, 2021

Force to frequency conversion by intracavity photoelastic modulation.

W Holzapfel, W Settgast

    Applied Optics
    |June 18, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study demonstrates a high-precision force-to-frequency conversion (FFC) method using laser cavities. The technique achieves excellent linearity and resolution, enabling sensitive force measurements.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Measurement Science and Instrumentation
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • The photoelastic effect in laser cavities offers a novel approach for force-to-frequency conversion (FFC).
    • Understanding laser-dependent nonlinearities and external force influences is crucial for accurate transduction.
    • Previous methods lacked the broad dynamic range and high resolution demonstrated here.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe and analyze a force-to-frequency conversion (FFC) system utilizing the photoelastic effect within a laser cavity.
    • To derive analytic expressions for scale factor, measurement errors, and nonlinearity.
    • To experimentally validate the FFC system's performance over a wide input range.

    Main Methods:

    • Derivation of analytic expressions for transducer characteristics including scale factor and nonlinearity.

    More Related Videos

    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
    06:42

    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

    Published on: June 8, 2018

    Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
    10:00

    Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

    Published on: November 11, 2013

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

    Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator
    07:42

    Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator

    Published on: December 15, 2021

    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
    06:42

    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

    Published on: June 8, 2018

    Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
    10:00

    Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

    Published on: November 11, 2013

  • Application of a third-order saturation model to calculate laser pushing/pulling effects on linearity.
  • Experimental setup utilizing a modular system with a 633 nm laser source for FFC demonstration.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated high linearity of FFC over nearly six decades of input signal range (2 x 10(-4) N to 80 N).
    • Achieved a noise-equivalent resolution of 10(-4) N.
    • Characterized the frequency response from DC up to several kilohertz.

    Conclusions:

    • The photoelastic effect within a laser cavity provides a highly linear and sensitive method for force-to-frequency conversion.
    • Experimental results confirm the theoretical predictions for scale factor and linearity.
    • Potential for extending measurement range to 10(-6) N or lower through laser stabilization and optomechanical optimization.