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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
11:34

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Published on: July 1, 2019

CIRRIS-1A interferometer: radiometric analysis.

C L Wyatt

    Applied Optics
    |June 18, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    The CIRRIS-lA spectroradiometer obtains global airglow data using a cooled Michelson interferometer. Its performance, validated against theoretical predictions, establishes a new standard for interferometer evaluation.

    Area of Science:

    • Space physics
    • Atmospheric science
    • Spectroscopy

    Background:

    • Airglow emissions provide crucial data on Earth's upper atmosphere.
    • Previous instruments lacked the spectral and spatial resolution for comprehensive global analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce the CIRRIS-lA spectroradiometer system for global airglow data acquisition.
    • To detail the system's design, performance metrics, and cooling capabilities.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a Michelson interferometer for spectral analysis.
    • Cooled the optical subsystem, focal-plane, and telescope to below 20 K.
    • Achieved a resolution of 0.964 cm⁻¹ with a scan time of 9.1 s.

    Main Results:

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    Applying X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectroscopy for Use as a High Temperature Plasma Diagnostic

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    Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

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  • Demonstrated a noise equivalent radiance (NER) of 2 x 10⁻¹³ W cm⁻² sr⁻¹ Hz⁻¹/².
  • Achieved a noise equivalent spectral radiance (NESR) of 7 x 10⁻¹⁴ W cm⁻² sr⁻¹ cm⁻¹.
  • Measured performance closely matched theoretical predictions within a few percent.

    • Conclusions:

    • The CIRRIS-lA system effectively acquires high-resolution spectral and spatial airglow data globally.
    • Noise-equivalent-radiance per root-Hz is proposed as a robust figure of merit for interferometers.
    • The system's design and performance set a new benchmark for atmospheric remote sensing.