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Related Concept Videos

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview01:13

Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Infrared Spectroscopy: Overview

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
The ATR process begins by directing a beam...
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...
Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants
09:36

The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants

Published on: May 8, 2015

Absolute reflectometer for the mid infrared region.

D Sheffer, U P Oppenheim, A D Devir

    Applied Optics
    |June 18, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new absolute reflectometer measures light reflection across a broad wavelength range. This instrument utilizes integrating spheres and an improved data analysis method for accurate measurements of diffuse samples.

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Physics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Accurate measurement of optical properties is crucial for materials characterization.
    • Existing reflectometry methods may have limitations in precision or spectral range.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe a novel absolute reflectometer for the 0.8-5.5-micrometer wavelength region.
    • To present an improved theoretical framework for data reduction in reflectometry.
    • To validate the instrument's performance with measurements on diffuse gold samples.

    Main Methods:

    • Development of an absolute reflectometer based on integrating spheres.
    • Application of the third Taylor method in a 7 degrees /d configuration.
    • Implementation of an improved data reduction theory.

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    Measurement of Carotenoids in Perifovea using the Macular Pigment Reflectometer

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    Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

    The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants
    09:36

    The Use of High-resolution Infrared Thermography (HRIT) for the Study of Ice Nucleation and Ice Propagation in Plants

    Published on: May 8, 2015

    Biomolecular Detection employing the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS)
    11:04

    Biomolecular Detection employing the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS)

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    Measurement of Carotenoids in Perifovea using the Macular Pigment Reflectometer
    09:35

    Measurement of Carotenoids in Perifovea using the Macular Pigment Reflectometer

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    Main Results:

    • The reflectometer successfully operates in the 0.8-5.5-micrometer spectral range.
    • The improved theory enhances the accuracy of data reduction.
    • Measurements on diffuse gold samples demonstrate the instrument's capability.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed absolute reflectometer provides accurate measurements in the specified wavelength range.
    • The enhanced data reduction theory improves the reliability of reflectometry results.
    • This instrument is suitable for characterizing the optical properties of diffuse materials.