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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Assessment of Long-term Depression Induction in Adult Cerebellar Slices
09:30

Assessment of Long-term Depression Induction in Adult Cerebellar Slices

Published on: October 16, 2019

Long-term depression in the CNS.

Graham L Collingridge1, Stephane Peineau, John G Howland

  • 1Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK. G.L.Collingridge@bristol.ac.uk

Nature Reviews. Neuroscience
|June 19, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long-term depression (LTD) is a key synaptic plasticity process in the central nervous system (CNS). Understanding LTD mechanisms is vital for learning, memory, and neurological disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Synaptic Plasticity
  • Molecular Mechanisms

Background:

  • Long-term depression (LTD) is a crucial process in the central nervous system (CNS).
  • It is implicated in learning, memory, and various pathological conditions.
  • Distinct forms of LTD and their molecular underpinnings are actively researched.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of LTD in cognitive functions.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms of different LTD forms.
  • To understand LTD's involvement in stress, addiction, and neurodegeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on LTD triggered by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs).
  • Focus on LTD triggered by metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs).
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic plasticity.

Main Results:

  • Converging evidence highlights LTD's role in learning and memory.
  • LTD is crucial for cognitive flexibility in demanding situations.
  • LTD may explain cognitive effects of stress, drug addiction, and neurodegeneration.

Conclusions:

  • LTD is a significant factor in cognitive processes.
  • Further research into LTD mechanisms is essential for understanding brain function and disease.
  • Targeting LTD pathways could offer therapeutic potential for neurological disorders.