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Transcytosis of IgG

Transcytosis of IgG

Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage

Published on: August 4, 2021

Placental interleukin-15 expression in recurrent miscarriage.

Bettina Toth¹, Thomas Haufe, Christoph Scholz

¹Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Fertility Disorders, Ruprechts-Karls University, Heidelberg, Germany. Bettina.toth@med.uni-heidelberg.de

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)

|June 22, 2010

Summary

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) expression is elevated in the placenta during miscarriage, particularly in recurrent miscarriage (RM) cases. This increased IL-15 may contribute to implantation issues and fetal rejection.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage

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Published on: August 4, 2021

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Platform for Quantitative Detection of Endometrial Immune Cells Based on Immunohistochemistry and Digital Image Analysis

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Published on: October 13, 2023

Area of Science:

Reproductive Immunology
Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Cytokine Biology

Background:

Cytokines are crucial at the feto-maternal interface.
Cytokine dysregulation may lead to fetal rejection.
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a key Th1 cytokine.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate differences in IL-15 expression between normal and disturbed pregnancies.
To determine the role of IL-15 in miscarriage and recurrent miscarriage (RM).

Main Methods:

Analysis of IL-15 expression using immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR.
Examined placental tissue from normal pregnancies, spontaneous miscarriage, and RM.
Identified IL-15 expressing cells via immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.

Main Results:

IL-15 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in the placentas of miscarriage patients, especially those with RM.
Extravillous trophoblast cells (EVT) were identified as the primary IL-15 expressing cells.
Real-time PCR confirmed immunohistochemistry findings.

Conclusions:

Elevated IL-15 in the decidua of RM patients suggests a link to implantation and vascularization disturbances.
Increased IL-15 may play a role in placental and fetal rejection.
Further research into IL-15's role in pregnancy complications is warranted.