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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Oogenesis01:22

Oogenesis

Oogenesis,  the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is known...
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Human Ovarian Surface Epithelium Organoids as a Platform to Study Tissue Regeneration
07:37

Human Ovarian Surface Epithelium Organoids as a Platform to Study Tissue Regeneration

Published on: August 16, 2024

Telomerase in the ovary.

Jun-Ping Liu1, He Li

  • 1Molecular Signaling Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Monash University Central Clinical School, AMREP, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia. jun-ping.liu@med.monash.edu.au

Reproduction (Cambridge, England)
|June 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Telomerase maintains ovarian cell integrity and is crucial for oogenesis and fertility. Dysregulated telomerase activity contributes to ovarian cancer development.

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Cell-Specific Paired Interrogation of the Mouse Ovarian Epigenome and Transcriptome

Published on: February 24, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Telomerase is an enzyme complex essential for maintaining telomere length and integrity.
  • It is present in ovarian germ cells, granulosa cells, stem cells, and neoplastic cells, but absent in differentiated or aged cells.
  • Telomerase activation drives benign and malignant cell proliferation in the ovary.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of telomerase in ovarian function and disease.
  • To explore telomerase's involvement in oocyte development, granulosa cell proliferation, and ovarian tumorigenesis.
  • To discuss the regulation of ovarian telomerase activity, including estrogen's role.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on telomerase in ovarian biology and cancer.
  • Analysis of research implicating telomerase in oogenesis, fertility, and ovarian insufficiency.
  • Examination of mechanisms underlying telomerase activation in normal versus cancerous ovarian cells.

Main Results:

  • Telomerase activity is vital for normal oogenesis and granulosa cell proliferation during folliculogenesis.
  • Aberrant telomerase activation is implicated in ovarian cancer development.
  • Telomere shortening and telomerase inhibition are observed in ovarian insufficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Telomerase plays a dual role in the ovary, supporting reproductive functions and contributing to cancer.
  • Understanding telomerase regulation offers insights into ovarian cancer and fertility treatments.
  • Estrogen significantly influences telomerase activity within the ovarian context.