Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Fineness of Cement

Fineness of Cement

The fineness of cement directly influences the rate of hydration, as the hydration begins at the surface of the cement particles. In addition to hydration, the fineness of cement is vital for various properties of concrete including workability, gypsum requirement, and long-term behavior. The fineness of cement is represented in terms of the specific surface of cement which is typically measured in square meters per kilogram, with several methods available for this determination.
Direct...

Response Surface Methodology

Response Surface Methodology

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is a collection of statistical and mathematical techniques used to develop, improve, and optimize processes. It is particularly valuable when many input variables or factors potentially influence a response variable.
The process of RSM involves several key steps:

Surface Area Calculations

Surface Area Calculations

Surface area calculations for a graph z = f(x, y) are fundamental in engineering applications involving curved structures such as satellite dishes. A parabolic dish reflects communication signals efficiently, but engineers must determine its exact curved surface area to estimate coating materials, fabrication costs, and structural requirements. Since the rim of the dish forms a circular boundary, the surface area is calculated over a circular domain in the xy-plane.Parametric Representation of...

Wood Surfacing

Wood Surfacing

Wood surfacing is a critical finishing process designed to smoothen the wood surface, enhance its dimensional accuracy, and make handling safer. This process compensates for potential shrinkage during the seasoning phase by marginally increasing the wood dimensions before surfacing. It also helps correct some distortions that may occur as the wood dries.
The equipment used in the surfacing process is a plane equipped with rotating blades. This tool efficiently smoothens the wood surface and can...

Fineness Modulus

Fineness Modulus

The fineness modulus (FM) of aggregate is a numerical index that measures the coarseness or fineness of the particles. It is calculated by adding the cumulative percentages of aggregate retained on each of a specified series of sieves and dividing the sum by 100.
Consider performing sieve analysis on sand through a set of ASTM sieves. The weight of aggregate retained in each sieve and pan placed at the bottom is recorded, as given in Column B of Table 1.
To determine the fineness modulus of...

Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision

Uncertainty in Measurement: Accuracy and Precision

Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to evaluate both the precision and the accuracy of their results. Measurements are said to be precise if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner. A measurement is considered accurate if it yields a result that is very close to the true or the accepted value. Precise values agree with each other; accurate values agree with a true value.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Tracking sub-nanometer thermal structural changes with speckle interferometry.

Applied optics·2020

Same author

Sub-picometer dynamic measurements of a diffuse surface.

Applied optics·2019

Same author

Window function influence on phase error in phase-shifting algorithms.

Applied optics·2010

Same author

Comparison of phase-unwrapping algorithms by using gradient of first failure.

Applied optics·2010

Same author

Liquid-crystal point-diffraction interferometer for wave-front measurements.

Applied optics·2010

Same author

Extended averaging technique for derivation of error-compensating algorithms in phase-shifting interferometry.

Applied optics·2010

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ)

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ)

Published on: December 16, 2019

Absolute measurement of surface roughness.

K Creath, J C Wyant

|June 23, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Accurately measuring supersmooth surfaces requires removing reference mirror roughness. Two novel techniques presented here effectively isolate surface height data, enabling precise roughness quantification for ultra-smooth materials.

More Related Videos

Impact of Fabrication Techniques and Polishing Procedures on Surface Roughness of Denture Base Resins

Impact of Fabrication Techniques and Polishing Procedures on Surface Roughness of Denture Base Resins

Published on: January 17, 2025

Characterization of Surface Modifications by White Light Interferometry: Applications in Ion Sputtering, Laser Ablation, and Tribology Experiments

Characterization of Surface Modifications by White Light Interferometry: Applications in Ion Sputtering, Laser Ablation, and Tribology Experiments

Published on: February 27, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ)

Determination of Aggregate Surface Morphology at the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ)

Published on: December 16, 2019

Impact of Fabrication Techniques and Polishing Procedures on Surface Roughness of Denture Base Resins

Impact of Fabrication Techniques and Polishing Procedures on Surface Roughness of Denture Base Resins

Published on: January 17, 2025

Characterization of Surface Modifications by White Light Interferometry: Applications in Ion Sputtering, Laser Ablation, and Tribology Experiments

Characterization of Surface Modifications by White Light Interferometry: Applications in Ion Sputtering, Laser Ablation, and Tribology Experiments

Published on: February 27, 2013

Area of Science:

Metrology
Optical Engineering
Surface Science

Background:

Interferometric measurements of surface heights are relative to a reference surface.
Reference surface roughness introduces errors in the measurement of supersmooth test surfaces.
Accurate characterization of supersmooth surfaces is critical in advanced optical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To present and detail two techniques for removing reference surface effects in interferometric measurements.
To enable accurate root-mean-square (rms) roughness determination of supersmooth surfaces.
To quantify the measurement error associated with these techniques.

Main Methods:

Averaging uncorrelated measurements of a mirror to create a reference surface profile for subtraction.
Utilizing two uncorrelated measurements of the test surface to derive its intrinsic roughness.
Detailed description of the experimental setup and data processing for both methods.

Main Results:

Demonstrated the successful removal of reference surface contributions to the measured roughness.
Presented results for a supersmooth mirror with 0.7-Å rms roughness.
Quantified the expected error due to instrument noise as 0.02 Å.

Conclusions:

Both presented techniques effectively eliminate errors from reference surface roughness.
Accurate rms roughness measurements of supersmooth surfaces are achievable with the described methods.
The techniques provide reliable data for characterizing state-of-the-art optical components.