Ooplasmic segregation in the zebrafish zygote and early embryo: pattern of ooplasmic movements and transport pathways

Patterns of cytoplasmic movements and organization of transport pathways were examined in live or fixed zygotes and early zebrafish embryos using a variety of techniques. The zygote blastodisc grows by accumulation of ooplasm, transported to the animal pole from distinct sectors of ecto- and endoplasm at different speeds and developmental periods, using specific pathways or streamers. Slow transport (5 microm/min) occurs during the first interphase along short streamers, whereas fast transport (9.6-40 microm/min) takes place during the first cleavage division along axial and meridional streamers. Interconnections between streamers allow cargoes to change their speed and final destination. A similar sequence of events occurs during the following divisions. A complex network of microtubules and actin filaments in the endo- and ectoplasm appears to be involved in the transport of inclusions and mRNAs. Actin-dependent intermittent pulsations provoked high-speed back-and-forth movements of cytoplasm that may contribute to redistribution of organelles and maternal determinants.