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Related Concept Videos

Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.

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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Visualization of Twitching Motility and Characterization of the Role of the PilG in Xylella fastidiosa
08:44

Visualization of Twitching Motility and Characterization of the Role of the PilG in Xylella fastidiosa

Published on: April 8, 2016

Xanthomonas citri: breaking the surface.

Asha M Brunings1, Dean W Gabriel

  • 1Plant Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

Molecular Plant Pathology
|June 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Xanthomonas citri causes citrus canker, a destructive bacterial disease affecting Rutaceous plants worldwide. This pathogen forms characteristic pustules on leaves, stems, and fruit, leading to significant economic losses in citrus production.

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Visualization of Twitching Motility and Characterization of the Role of the PilG in Xylella fastidiosa
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Published on: April 8, 2016

Direct Infusion Device for Molecule Delivery in Plants
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Direct Infusion Device for Molecule Delivery in Plants

Published on: June 2, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Bacteriology
  • Plant Pathology

Background:

  • Citrus canker is a devastating bacterial disease caused by Xanthomonas citri.
  • It affects various Rutaceous plants, including Citrus, Fortunella, and Poncirus species globally.
  • This pathogen is quarantined in many countries due to its significant economic impact on citrus production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of Xanthomonas citri, the causal agent of citrus canker.
  • To detail the disease symptoms and host range of this economically important plant pathogen.

Main Methods:

  • Taxonomic classification of Xanthomonas citri within Bacteria, Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria.
  • Description of microbiological properties: Gram-negative, obligately aerobic, motile rods with yellow pigment.
  • Documentation of disease symptoms on various citrus plant parts.

Main Results:

  • Xanthomonas citri infects primarily Citrus spp., Fortunella spp., and Poncirus spp.
  • Symptoms include oily leaf spots, raised pustules, corky cankers, and sunken craters on fruit.
  • Severe infections lead to defoliation and premature fruit drop.

Conclusions:

  • Xanthomonas citri poses a significant threat to global citrus production.
  • Understanding its characteristics and symptoms is crucial for disease management and quarantine efforts.