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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which are...

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

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Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR

Published on: February 23, 2016

A novel variable field system for field-cycled dynamic nuclear polarization spectroscopy.

Keerthi Shet¹, George L Caia, Eric Kesselring

¹Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)

|June 24, 2010

Summary

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhances NMR detection of paramagnetic substances. A new variable-field system, built on a clinical MRI, allows flexible DNP spectroscopy by adjusting magnetic fields for optimal EPR excitation and NMR detection.

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Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR

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Area of Science:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Spectroscopy
Biophysics

Background:

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is an NMR-based technique.
It enables detection and spectral characterization of paramagnetic substances.
Polarization transfer from electron spins to NMR active nuclei is key.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a novel variable-field system for DNP spectroscopy.
The system is designed for NMR detection at magnetic fields from 0-0.38 T.
It integrates with a clinical open-MRI system.

Main Methods:

A variable-field system was developed using a clinical open-MRI.
Resistive actively shielded field cancellation coils were added to the magnet.
The system allows partial cancellation of the NMR detection field to achieve desired EPR evolution fields.

Main Results:

The system successfully acquired DNP spectra of nitroxide solutions (TEMPOL).
Measurements were performed at various NMR detection fields (97 G, 200 G, 587 G).
A fixed EPR evolution field (100 G) was used, demonstrating system flexibility.

Conclusions:

The described variable-field DNP system offers significant flexibility.
It allows independent optimization of EPR excitation and NMR detection fields.
This enhances the performance of DNP spectroscopy.