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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Yellow Fever01:18

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...
Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...

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Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
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[Japanese encephalitis: a fast-changing viral disease].

F Rodhain1

  • 1Société de pathologie exotique, F-75015 Paris, France. f.rodhain@noos.fr

Bulletin De La Societe De Pathologie Exotique (1990)
|June 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is spreading globally, with evolving patterns and ecological factors influencing its emergence. Understanding JE virus hosts, vectors, and epidemiology is crucial for predicting future disease trends.

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Area of Science:

  • * Virology and Epidemiology
  • * Ecology and Public Health

Context:

  • * Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a significant mosquito-borne viral disease with a wide geographical distribution across Asia and the Western Pacific.
  • * JE virus (JEV) poses a substantial public health challenge, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its transmission dynamics.

Purpose:

  • * To provide a detailed overview of the current geographical distribution, clinical manifestations, and epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis.
  • * To explore the vertebrate hosts, vectors, and genetic diversity (serotypes) of the JE virus.
  • * To analyze the ecological factors, historical evolution, and recent epidemiological changes associated with JEV emergence and spread.

Summary:

  • * This article examines the current geographical spread, clinical presentations, and epidemiological patterns of Japanese encephalitis.
  • * It details the vertebrate hosts, vectors, and serotypes of the Japanese encephalitis virus, alongside its evolutionary history and ecological drivers.
  • * The review also addresses unknown aspects and future predictions regarding JEV epidemiology.

Impact:

  • * Informs public health strategies for Japanese encephalitis prevention and control.
  • * Highlights the need for continued surveillance and research into JEV ecology and evolution.
  • * Provides a foundation for predicting and mitigating future outbreaks of this important zoonotic disease.