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Related Concept Videos

Herpes01:28

Herpes

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV‑1) is a widespread pathogen responsible for orolabial lesions. It is an enveloped, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae. Once the virus infects a host cell, its double‑stranded DNA genome is delivered into the nucleus, where a coordinated cascade of immediate‑early, early, and late gene expression directs viral DNA replication, structural protein synthesis, and virion assembly. After primary infection of epithelial cells, HSV-1...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors01:22

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells
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siRNA Electroporation to Modulate Autophagy in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Published on: October 28, 2019

[SiRNA targeting ICP4 attenuates HSV-1 replication].

Yu-tao Liu1, Bo Song, Ya-lun Wang

  • 1Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China. hnliuyt@163.com

Bing Du Xue Bao = Chinese Journal of Virology
|June 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

This study demonstrates that small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infected cell polypeptide 4 (ICP4) effectively inhibits viral replication. Multi-site siRNAs show enhanced inhibitory effects, suggesting a promising antiviral strategy.

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Temporal Analysis of the Nuclear-to-cytoplasmic Translocation of a Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Protein by Immunofluorescent Confocal Microscopy
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Tyramide Signal Amplification for the Immunofluorescent Staining of ZBP1-Dependent Phosphorylation of RIPK3 and MLKL After HSV-1 Infection in Human Cells
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Tyramide Signal Amplification for the Immunofluorescent Staining of ZBP1-Dependent Phosphorylation of RIPK3 and MLKL After HSV-1 Infection in Human Cells

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Tyramide Signal Amplification for the Immunofluorescent Staining of ZBP1-Dependent Phosphorylation of RIPK3 and MLKL After HSV-1 Infection in Human Cells
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Tyramide Signal Amplification for the Immunofluorescent Staining of ZBP1-Dependent Phosphorylation of RIPK3 and MLKL After HSV-1 Infection in Human Cells

Published on: October 20, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Therapy

Background:

  • Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) causes severe neurological symptoms and recurrent infections due to latent virus persistence.
  • Conventional therapies struggle to eradicate latent HSV-1, necessitating novel antiviral strategies.
  • Infected cell polypeptide 4 (ICP4) is a critical regulator of HSV replication, controlling lytic and latent infection states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting HSV-1 ICP4 as a novel antiviral approach.
  • To develop and validate a lentiviral expression system for delivering siRNA against HSV-1 ICP4.
  • To assess the impact of ICP4 inhibition on HSV-1 replication in vitro.

Main Methods:

  • Designed and constructed a recombinant lentiviral expression plasmid (pLKO-puro(r)-hU6-siRNA) encoding siRNAs targeting HSV-1 ICP4.
  • Established stable monoclonal Vero cell lines expressing the designed siRNAs using puromycin selection.
  • Quantified ICP4 mRNA levels via real-time PCR and measured HSV-1 replication using TCID50 assays.

Main Results:

  • The designed siRNAs effectively inhibited ICP4 expression at the mRNA level in the established cell lines.
  • Significant attenuation of HSV-1 replication was observed when ICP4 expression was suppressed by siRNA.
  • Multi-site siRNAs demonstrated a stronger inhibitory effect on viral replication compared to single-site siRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • siRNA targeting HSV-1 ICP4 is an effective strategy for attenuating viral replication.
  • The use of multi-site siRNAs offers enhanced inhibition, presenting a feasible approach for developing biological antiviral drugs.
  • This research provides a foundation for developing novel gene-based therapies against HSV-1 infections.