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Diversity of Protists I01:15

Diversity of Protists I

Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
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Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
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Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
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Using the Protozoan Paramecium caudatum as a Vehicle for Food-borne Infections in Zebrafish Larvae
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Paraspeckles.

Archa H Fox1, Angus I Lamond

  • 1Western Australian Institute for Medical Research and Centre For Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, 6009 Western Australia, Australia. archafox@waimr.uwa.edu.au

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|June 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Paraspeckles are nuclear bodies regulating gene expression by retaining specific RNA molecules. These RNA-protein structures, involving NEAT1 RNA and DBHS proteins, play roles in cellular processes like differentiation and stress responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Paraspeckles are subnuclear bodies in mammalian cells.
  • They are composed of RNA and proteins.
  • Their function in gene regulation is an area of active research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the composition and function of paraspeckles.
  • To elucidate the role of paraspeckles in gene expression control.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of paraspeckle components, including NEAT1 RNA and DBHS proteins (P54NRB/NONO, PSPC1, PSF/SFPQ).
  • Analysis of RNA retention mechanisms within paraspeckles.
  • Investigating the impact of paraspeckles on gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Paraspeckles are formed by the interaction of NEAT1 RNA and DBHS proteins.
  • They function by retaining specific RNA molecules with double-stranded RNA regions that undergo adenosine-to-inosine editing.
  • This mechanism influences gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Paraspeckles are key regulators of gene expression through RNA retention.
  • Components like NEAT1 and DBHS proteins are essential for paraspeckle formation and function.
  • Paraspeckles may be involved in cellular differentiation, viral infection, and stress responses.