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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

A Complete Pipeline for Isolating and Sequencing MicroRNAs, and Analyzing Them Using Open Source Tools
09:29

A Complete Pipeline for Isolating and Sequencing MicroRNAs, and Analyzing Them Using Open Source Tools

Published on: August 21, 2019

MicroRNAs: small RNAs with big effects.

Dany Anglicheau1, Thangamani Muthukumar, Manikkam Suthanthiran

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.

Transplantation
|June 25, 2010
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small molecules regulating gene expression. This review explores their crucial roles in immunity and transplantation, highlighting potential clinical applications of RNA sequencing.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules (approx. 20-25 nucleotides) that regulate gene expression.
  • Over 700 human miRNAs have been identified, each capable of modulating numerous messenger RNAs (mRNAs).
  • miRNAs are increasingly recognized as key regulators of both innate and adaptive immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of microRNA biology.
  • To discuss the hypothesized roles of miRNAs in transplantation immunology.
  • To highlight the potential of next-generation sequencing for transcriptome profiling in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of miRNA biology and function.
  • Analysis of current research on miRNA involvement in immune regulation.
  • Exploration of studies investigating miRNA roles in transplantation.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs function through translational repression or mRNA degradation.
  • Single miRNAs can target hundreds of mRNAs, indicating broad regulatory capacity.
  • Emerging evidence suggests miRNAs are critical for immune system function.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are pivotal regulators of immunity.
  • miRNAs are likely to play a significant role in transplantation outcomes.
  • RNA sequencing technologies offer new avenues for studying miRNA functions in transplantation.