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Relationship between microvascular permeability and ultrastructure.

G Clough1

  • 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, U.K.

Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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The endothelial barrier

Area of Science:

  • Endothelial biology
  • Vascular physiology
  • Cellular transport

Background:

  • The endothelial cell wall forms a critical barrier regulating exchange between blood and tissues.
  • Understanding the structure-function relationship of this barrier is key to comprehending vascular permeability.
  • Previous research has identified fluid channels but struggled to pinpoint the molecular filter for macromolecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the endothelial barrier's structure and function.
  • To explore experimental techniques correlating endothelial cell wall structure with barrier function.
  • To emphasize the dynamic nature of the endothelial barrier.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental techniques yielding structure-function correlations.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of studies on fluid-conducting channels (clefts, fenestrae, cell junctions).
  • Examination of evidence for molecular filters in fenestrated and continuous endothelium.

    • Main Results:

    • Fluid channels are located in clefts, fenestrae, and open cell junctions.
    • The molecular filter limiting macromolecular exchange remains challenging to identify.
    • Evidence suggests filters may be in fenestral diaphragms, basement membranes, intercellular clefts, or vesicle openings.
    • The endothelial cell coat (glycocalyx) significantly retards macromolecular movement.
    • Inflammation increases fluid flux via endothelial cell shape modulation and calcium signaling.
    • Macromolecular leakage increases with gap formation and glycocalyx modulation.

    Conclusions:

    • The endothelial barrier's permeability is regulated by dynamic structural and molecular components.
    • The glycocalyx plays a crucial role in limiting macromolecular passage.
    • Inflammation significantly alters endothelial barrier function through cellular shape changes and glycocalyx modulation.