Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its effects by...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
An Overview of Psychoactive Drugs01:28

An Overview of Psychoactive Drugs

Psychoactive drugs impact brain function, influencing perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, and behavior. These substances are grouped based on their effects and the mechanisms by which they act.
Stimulants such as cocaine, amphetamines, and nicotine enhance brain activity, leading to increased alertness, attention, and energy. These drugs typically raise heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. While they can induce feelings of euphoria, their misuse can result in severe health...
Stimulants01:29

Stimulants

Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Post-Operative Recurrence of Colonic Crohn's Disease After Colectomy: The RESECOL Study by the Young Group of GETECCU.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·2026
Same author

Strategic challenges in the global control of high pathogenicity avian influenza.

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)·2024
Same author

Cardiorespiratory fitness response to endurance training in athletes post-COVID-19 compared to unaffected athletes.

South African journal of sports medicine·2024
Same author

Improvements to the characterization of Agfa x-ray film for use on opacity spectroscopy diagnostics.

The Review of scientific instruments·2024
Same author

Comparing cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity levels between third- and fifth-year medical students in a South African university.

South African journal of sports medicine·2024
Same author

Exercise intervention for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome - do FITT-VP principles apply? A case study.

South African journal of sports medicine·2024
Same journal

Correction to "Learning Mechanisms in Alcohol Use Disorders".

Addiction biology·2026
Same journal

Abnormal Brain Structural Covariance Networks of Cortical Thickness in Cocaine Use Disorder.

Addiction biology·2026
Same journal

The Orexin System Modulates Stress-Induced Alcohol Preference and Reinstatement in Adolescents: Bioinformatics and Experimental Evidence.

Addiction biology·2026
Same journal

Learning Mechanisms in Alcohol Use Disorders.

Addiction biology·2026
Same journal

Predicting Outpatient Follow-Up Retention After Inpatient Treatment in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Data-Driven Random Forest Approach.

Addiction biology·2026
Same journal

Correction to "Virtual Reality-Based Cue Exposure and Aversion Therapy for Alcohol Dependence: A Randomized Controlled Trial".

Addiction biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication
09:26

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication

Published on: February 6, 2019

Cocaethylene: effects on brain systems and behavior.

J M Horowitz1, G Torres

  • 1Medaille College, Department of Social Sciences, Agassiz Circle, Buffalo, New York.

Addiction Biology
|June 26, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cocaethylene, a metabolite from combined cocaine and ethanol use, impacts brain function and behavior. Understanding its effects is crucial for addressing polydrug addiction and its neurobiological underpinnings.

More Related Videos

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

The Use of Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning to Assess Hippocampal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
19:57

The Use of Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning to Assess Hippocampal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Published on: August 5, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication
09:26

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication

Published on: February 6, 2019

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

The Use of Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning to Assess Hippocampal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
19:57

The Use of Trace Eyeblink Classical Conditioning to Assess Hippocampal Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Published on: August 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Cocaethylene is a psychoactive metabolite produced from the concurrent use of cocaine and ethanol.
  • Polydrug addiction, particularly involving cocaine and alcohol, presents complex challenges in understanding and treatment.
  • The neurobiological mechanisms underlying chronic drug dependence are not fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the known effects of cocaethylene.
  • To emphasize the neurobiological and behavioral aspects of polydrug addiction related to cocaethylene.
  • To explore how cocaethylene influences trans-synaptic transmission and pathological behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on cocaethylene.
  • Analysis of neurobiological changes associated with cocaethylene exposure.
  • Examination of behavioral correlates of polydrug use and addiction.

Main Results:

  • Cocaethylene significantly impacts neurobiological pathways.
  • Specific changes in trans-synaptic transmission are linked to cocaethylene's effects.
  • Altered spatial or temporal dynamics of cocaethylene can modify drug-dependent behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • Cocaethylene plays a key role in the neurobiology of combined cocaine and alcohol addiction.
  • Understanding cocaethylene's action on neurotransmission is vital for addiction research.
  • Further investigation into cocaethylene's dynamics may reveal new therapeutic targets for polydrug addiction.