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Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Neuronavigation and Laparoscopy Guided Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion for the Treatment of Hydrocephalus
Published on: October 14, 2022
Cardiac shunt calculations made easy: a case-based approach.
Mario Gössl1, Charanjit S Rihal
1Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
This study presents a straightforward method for calculating shunt volume in atrial septal defects using the Fick principle. This approach simplifies complex calculations for better patient management.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Medical Physiology
Background:
- Atrial septal defects (ASDs) can lead to complex hemodynamic challenges.
- Accurate shunt volume calculation is crucial for effective management of ASDs.
Observation:
- A case study of a 40-year-old female with an atrial septal defect was analyzed.
- Hemodynamic data was collected during cardiac catheterization.
Findings:
- A simplified approach for complex shunt volume calculations using the Fick principle was developed.
- This method determines flows, flow ratios, and resistances without complex formulas.
- Understanding the Fick principle simplifies these hemodynamic assessments.
Implications:
- This simplified Fick principle application impacts the management of patients with significant shunting.
- It offers a practical tool for clinicians in the catheterization laboratory.
- Improved understanding of shunt hemodynamics can lead to better patient outcomes.
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