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Related Concept Videos

Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
Micelles01:30

Micelles

Micelle formation is an intricate process that hinges on the properties of amphiphilic or amphipathic molecules and the conditions of the system in which they are found. Amphiphilic molecules, which have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts, play a critical role in this process.In aqueous environments, these molecules arrange themselves such that their hydrophilic heads are turned towards the water phase, while their hydrophobic tails are oriented away...
Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins01:18

Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins

Detergents are used to purify the integral proteins of the membrane. The hydrophobic portion of the detergent can replace membrane phospholipids while solubilizing the membrane proteins. When detergent monomers reach a specific concentration in a solution called critical micelle concentration (CMC), they form micelles. Above CMC, the concentration of the detergent monomers remains in equilibrium with the micelle. The number of detergent monomers present in the CMC varies for each detergent, and...
The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2026

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles
08:44

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

Published on: March 2, 2020

Antimicrobial particles from cationic lipid and polyelectrolytes.

Letícia D Melo1, Elsa M Mamizuka, Ana M Carmona-Ribeiro

  • 1Biocolloids Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05513-970, São Paulo SP, Brazil.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|June 29, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Hybrid nanoparticles effectively kill bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Their antimicrobial activity depends on positive charge, not size, showing potent microbicide effects at nanomolar concentrations.

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Last Updated: Jun 12, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Cationic lipids and polymers are explored for antimicrobial applications.
  • Developing effective nanoparticle delivery systems is crucial for targeted therapies.
  • Understanding the physical properties influencing antimicrobial efficacy is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare and characterize hybrid nanoparticles composed of cationic lipid (DODAB) and polymers (CMC, PDDA).
  • To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of these nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
  • To investigate the relationship between nanoparticle physical properties and their antimicrobial potency.

Main Methods:

  • Hybrid nanoparticles were synthesized using dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), and polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA).
  • Particle size (z-average diameter) and surface charge (zeta-potential) were determined using dynamic light scattering.
  • Antimicrobial activity was assessed by plating and colony-forming unit (CFU) counting.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticle size and zeta-potential were tunable by adjusting DODAB, CMC, and PDDA concentrations.
  • Specific compositions yielded reproducible nanoparticles with sizes around 100 nm and 470 nm, and zeta-potentials of 30 mV and 50 mV, respectively.
  • High antimicrobial efficacy was observed, with 0% P. aeruginosa viability and 99% S. aureus death at low PDDA concentrations, independent of particle size.

Conclusions:

  • Hybrid DODAB BF/CMC/PDDA nanoparticles demonstrate significant antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.
  • Antimicrobial potency is primarily linked to the surface positive charge density, not particle size.
  • Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) exhibits potent microbicide activity at nanomolar concentrations, highlighting its potential in antimicrobial formulations.